Soot is a form of carbonaceous particulate produced by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in engines, industrial furnaces and open fires. Its formation proceeds through successive stages: fuel ...

In biomass gasification, organic polymers such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin undergo thermal decomposition to yield volatile tars and gas‐phase radicals. Under high temperatures and fuel‐rich ...

Reducing aircraft soot emissions may not reduce contrail clouds, according to in-flight observations of emissions from a passenger jet with modern "lean-burn" engines, reported in Nature. Contrails ...

Billions upon billions of soot particles enter Earth's atmosphere each second, totaling about 5.8 million metric tons a year—posing a climate-warming impact previously estimated at almost one-third ...

Analysis of in-flight emissions from an Airbus A350-900 using 100% sustainable aviation fuel indicates a reduction of 35% in soot particle numbers, and a halving of contrail ice-crystal formation per ...