Ammonium excretion is often estimated using urinary anion gap (UAG) and osmolality gap (UOG) when direct measurement is unavailable, particularly in patients with impaired kidney function. We aimed to ...
Bone mass and muscle mass decline with aging at the rate of about 1–2% per year starting around age 50 years [1,2,3]. The pathophysiology of bone and muscle losses have overlapping features related to ...